What is defined as a principle or idea proposed through research and generally accepted as an explanation?

The term that accurately describes a principle or idea proposed through research and widely accepted as an explanation is "theory." In the context of scientific and educational discussions, a theory is constructed based on a substantial body of evidence and has undergone rigorous testing and validation over time. It provides a framework for understanding complex phenomena and is supported by significant empirical data.

In contrast, a hypothesis is typically an initial, testable prediction or educated guess that can be investigated through research but has not yet been widely accepted as an explanation. A fact refers to a statement that can be proven true or false, while a principle is generally a fundamental truth or proposition that serves as the foundation for a system of belief or behavior. The distinction here is crucial, as a theory encompasses and synthesizes various observations, standing as a more comprehensive explanation compared to the other terms.