Which of the following does physical development encompass?

Physical development encompasses changes in the body and its functions, which include alterations in size, shape, strength, and functionality of the body’s systems. This specifically relates to observable physical changes, such as those seen in bone thickness and weight, which are crucial aspects of growth and development during childhood.

During physical development, children experience changes that directly relate to their height, weight, muscle and bone growth, and motor skills. Understanding these changes is essential for caregivers and educators because they affect a child's ability to engage in play, learn, and interact with their environment.

In contrast, changes in social skills, cognitive abilities, and emotional development are categorized under social, cognitive, and emotional development respectively. These areas focus more on how children interact with others, think and learn, and manage their feelings, which while equally important, do not fall under the physical development umbrella. Therefore, the focus of physical development is specifically on the physiological changes and growth patterns within the body.